The actions of Crimean Tatars national liberation movement under сonditions of annexation of the Crimea (example of Crimea blockade)

Authors

  • Oksana Voytyuk Uniwersytet w Białymstoku [University of Bialystok], Białystok , Uniwersytet w Białymstoku [University of Bialystok], Białystok

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2016.013

Keywords:

Crimean Tatars national liberation movement, occupation, blockade, peninsula, Crimea, naval blockade, food transport blockade, energy blockade

Abstract

In 2015, due to the rapidly changing political and economic situation in the world, the issue of annexation of the Crimea gave way to such news as the political situation in Syria, and Russia's participation in hostilities in this country, the imposition of sanctions on Russia and their impact on the Russian economy, falling oil prices and its effects, the situation with refugees in the European Union. To draw attention to the problem of the annexation of the Crimea and Crimean Tatars Mejlis and its chairman Refat Chubarov and political leader of the Crimean Tatars Mustafa Dzhemilev initiated a peace action of blockade of Crimea. Blockade had two stages – transporto and food blockade and energy blockade. The action ended with the start of 2016 year. Regardless that Crimean Tatars failed to achieve the main goal - to release all political prisoners, blockade showed how high there is peninsula’s dependence from Ukraine's economy.

References

% ukraїntsiv vvazhaiut’, shcho potribno provodyty enerhetychnu blokadu Krymu. (2016). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from https://tns-ua.com/news/48-ukrayintsiv-vvazhayut-shho-potribno-provoditi-energetichnu-blokadu-krimu

Aktyvisty blokady Krymu znimaiut’ blokposty, - Isliamov. (2015, December 31). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://espreso.tv/news/2015/12/31/aktyvisty_blokady_krymu_znimayut_blokposty_islyamov

Aktyvisty prohnozuiut’ pochatok mors’koї blokady Krymu na pochatku 2016. (2015, December 16). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/aktivisti-prognozuyut-pochatok-morskoyi-blokadi-krimu-na-pochatku-2016-194194_.html

Azov prisoedinilsia k blokade Kryma. (2015, October 1). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://korrespondent.net/ukraine/3570663-azov-prysoedynylsia-k-blokade-kryma

Chubarov podrobno oglasil prichiny i tseli blokady Kryma. (2015, September 23). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://bykvu.com/home/bukvy/9122.html

Chubarov rozpoviv, iakym chynom aktyvisty planuiut’ realizuvaty mors’ku blokadu Krymu. (2015, December 4). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/politics/chubarov-rozpoviv-jak-aktivisti-planujut-realizuvati-morsku-blokadu-krimu-83943.html

Chubarov: «Ėnergeticheskaia blokada» Kryma mozhet nachat’sia v oktiabre. (2015, September 22). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/news/27263044.html

Chubarov: Blokada poluostrova vozvrashchaet problemu Kryma v pervyī riad. (2015, September 23). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/news/27264079.html

Dvi tretyny hazu v Ukraїnu nadkhodyt’ z IES, i lyshe tretyna - z Rosiї. (2015, November 2). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/ECONOMICS/dvi-tretini-gazu-v-ukrayinu-nadhodit-z-yes-i-lishe-tretina-z-rosiyi-189777_.html

Dzhemilev: Budem meniat’ tovary dlia Kryma na nashikh zakliuchennykh. (2015, September 24). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/news/27267137.html

Dzhemilev: Morskaia blokada Kryma kasaetsia prezhde vsego Khersonskoĭ oblasti. (2015, December 9). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.blackseanews.net/read/109359

Dzhemiliev nazvav prychyny vidnovlennia Ukraїnoiu elektropostachannia v Krymu. (2015, December 14). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ua.racurs.ua/news/62741-djemiliev-nazvav-prychyny-vidnovlennya-ukrayinou-elektropostachannya-v-krymu?_ga=1.76696657.514374349.1437568719

Dzhemiliev vvazhaie nemozhlyvoiu mors’ku blokadu vs’oho Krymu. (2016, styczeń 2). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/dzhemilyev-vvazhaye-nemozhlivoyu-morsku-blokadu-vsogo-krimu-195708_.html

Dzhemiliev: Pytannia z kontraktom na postachannia elektroenerhiї v Krym zakryte. (2016, January 12). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://zik.ua/news/2016/01/12/dzhemiliev_pytannya_z_kontraktom_na_postachannya_elektroenergii_v_krym_661908

Ekspres-opytuvannia Putina: 94% krymchan hotovi zhyty bez svitla. (2016, January 1). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://qha.com.ua/ua/politika/ekspresopituvannya-putina-94-krimchan-gotovi-jiti-bez-svitla/2633/

Gressel, G. (2015, December 3). The domestic logic of Ukraine’s Crimea “blockade”. Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_the_domestic_logic_of_ukraines_crimea_blockade5042

Grożą blokadą morską Krymu. „Aby pobyt okupanta na naszej ziemi był jak najdroższy”. (2015, December 16). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-ze-swiata,2/ukrainscy-aktywisci-zapowiadaja-blokade-morska-krymu,603490.html

Import pryrodnoho hazu v Ukraїnu u 2008-2014 rr. (2016, January 22). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://naftogaz-europe.com/article/ua/NaturalGasSuppliestoUkraine

Isliamov poiasnyv oslablennia enerhoblokady Krymu tyskom Zakhodu. (2015, December 7). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/ECONOMICS/islyamov-poyasniv-oslablennya-energoblokadi-krimu-tiskom-zahodu-193343_.html

Kerchenskiĭ proliv i Azovskoe more zamerzli do samogo gorizonta. (2014, February 3). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.sobytiya.info/photos/14/38202

Konwencja genewska o ochronie osób cywilnych podczas wojny (IV konwencja genewska), Genewa, 12 sierpnia 1949 r. (b.d.). In Dz. U z 1956r., nr 38, poz. 171, załącznik. Retrieved 1 April 2016, from https://mswia.gov.pl/ftp/OCK/dokumenty_Prawo_MPH/1949_12_VIII_IV%20konwencja_genewska.pdf

Krym bude poterpaty vid pereboїv z elektroenerhiieiu do 2018 roku – Aks’onov. (2015, December 2). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/krim-bude-poterpati-vid-pereboyiv-z-elektroenergiyeyu-do-2018-roku-aksonov-192786_.html

Krym budet zaviset’ ot ukrainskoĭ ėlektroėnergii minimum do 2018 goda. (2015, December 2). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from a

Krym na pidsosi: Chomu enerhomist Kuban’ – Krym ne rozv’iazhe problem pivostrova. (2015, December 16). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://forbes.ua/ua/nation/1407611-krim-na-pidsosi-chomu-energomist-kuban-krim-ne-rozv-yazhe-problem-pivostrova

Krym u temriavi: Chy dovho protrymaiet’sia blokada? (2015, November 15). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/politics/2015/11/151123_crimea_electricity_vc

Krym: Blokada s sushi, blokada s moria. Fantazery (patrioty) samoubiĭtsy. (2015, December 2). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://rian.com.ua/columnist/20151202/1001338579.html

Krymchane gotovy priznat’ Krym ukrainskim v obmen na svet – novyĭ opros. (2016, January 4). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://uapress.info/ru/news/print/112641

Krymskaia blokada: Itogi pervoĭ nedeli. (2015, September 28). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/article/27275650.html

Lyshe 25% ukraїntsiv vystupaiut’ proty enerhetychnoї blokady okupovanoho Krymu. (2015, November 19). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/lishe-25-ukrayinciv-vistupayut-proti-energetichnoyi-blokadi-okupovanogo-krimu-191534_.html

Mest’ za blokadu. Medzhlis v Krymu priravnivaiut k «Pravomu sektoru». (2015, September 24). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/article/27268366.html

Morgan, W. (2015, December 18). Russia-Turkey crisis: 27 Russian ships blocked after Moscow detains Turkish vessels amid escalating tensions. Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.ibtimes.com/russia-turkey-crisis-27-russian-ships-blocked-after-moscow-detains-turkish-vessels-2231946

Mustafa Dzhemilev: Korennoĭ narod Kryma – organizovannaia sila, okazyvaiushchaia soprotivlenie okkupatsii v obshchenatsional’nom masshtabe. (2015, October 18). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/article/27291551.html06.10.2015

Na Khersonshchyni poshkodyly oporu LEP, shcho postachaie elektryku v Krym. (2016, January 22). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2015/10/6/7083835/

Naftohaz prypuskaie povnu vidmovu vid hazu Hazpromu z 2016 roku. (2015, October 29). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/ECONOMICS/naftogaz-pripuskaye-povnu-vidmova-vid-gazu-gazpromu-z-2016-roku-189326_.html

Ofitsiĭna zaiava shtabu aktsiї „Hromads’ka blokada Krymu”. Krym – tse Ukraїna!

Bez Krymu nemaie Ukraїny! (2015, September 22). Retrieved 4 February 2016, from https://www.facebook.com/atr.channel/posts/1010816772272891

Opublikovana infografika sledstviĭ blokady Kryma. (2015, September 23). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://bykvu.com/home/bukvy/9097/opublikovana-infografika-posledstvij-blokady-kryma.html

Perekryti dorohy ta dovzhelezni cherhy z fur. IAk pochalasia blokada Krymu. (2015, September 20). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://tsn.ua/ukrayina/perekriti-dorogi-ta-dovzhelezni-chergi-z-fur-yak-pochalasya-blokada-krimu-497020.html

Po vs’omu Krymu vidnovyly enerhopostachannia. (2015, December 10). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://zik.ua/news/2015/12/10/po_vsomu_krymu_vidnovyly_energopostachannya_652739

Polovyna ukraїntsiv skhvalyly blokadu Krymu aktyvistamy, tretyna – proty. (2016, January 13). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/polovina-ukrayinciv-shvalili-blokadu-krimu-aktivistami-tretina-proti-196502_.html

Potriĭna enerhetychna zalezhnist’ Ukraїny. (2014, November 26). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://energy.apostrophe.com.ua/enerhetychnyy-rynok/novyny/analityka/potriyna-enerhetychna-zalezhnist-ukrayiny/

Pravyĭ sektor prypyniaie uchast’ u torhivel’niĭ ta enerhetychniĭ blokadi Krymu. (2015, December 8). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.dw.com/uk/правий-сектор-припиняє-участь-у-торгівельній-та-енергетичній-блокаді-криму/a-18901156

Pro obmezhennia postavok okremykh tovariv (robit, posluh) z tymchasovo okupovanoї terytoriї na inshu terytoriiu Ukraїny ta/abo z inshoї terytoriї Ukraїny na tymchasovo okupovanu terytoriiu. Postanova vid 16 hrudnia 2015 r. № 1035. (2015). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/cardnpd?docid=248714822

Putilov, I. (2015, October 2). Bytva bilia «Tytanu». Chy perezhyve blokadu Krymu zavod Firtasha? Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ua.krymr.com/content/article/27283054.html

Putin ziznavsia, shcho „uvimknuv” Krym ne duzhe vdalo. (2016, January 22). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.depo.ua/ukr/life/putin-ziznavsya-shcho-uvimknuv-krim-ne-duzhe-vdalo-02122015222600

Rosiia rozmistyla tanky ta "Hrady" bilia liniї rozmezhuvannia mizh Krymom і Khersonshchynoiu cherez pidryv LEP – Kiva. (2015, November 23). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.unian.ua/society/1191059-rosiya-rozmistila-tanki-bilya-liniji-rozmejuvannya-mij-krimom-i-hersonschinoyu-cherez-pidriv-lep-kiva.html

Rossiia namerena podnimat’ vopros blokady Kryma v mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiiakh. (2015, September 23). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/news/27264439.html

Rossiĭskie spetssluzhby pytaiutsia diskreditirovat’ blokadu Kryma – Gospogransluzhba Ukrainy. (2015, October 2). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/news/27283201.html

Samar, V. (2015a, December 11). Zazemlennia аhresora. Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://gazeta.dt.ua/internal/zazemlennya-agresora-_.htmlб

Samar, V. (2015b, September 11). Zona osoblyvoї neuvahy. Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://gazeta.dt.ua/internal/zona-osoblivoyi-neuvagi-_.html

Sem’ voprosov i otvetov o blokade Kryma. (2015, September 23). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.com/content/article/27264702.html

Sergeeva, E. (2015, September 25). Sub’’ekty i ob’’ekty krymskoĭ blokady. (2015). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ru.krymr.mobi/a/27268450.html

Stewart, P. H. (2015, December 15). Life in the shadows of the Crimea blockade. Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/12/life-shadows-crimea-blockade-151214100451133.html

Turcja blokuje rosyjskie okręty. Krążownik „Moskwa” obserwowany. (2015, November 30). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.tvp.info/22864663/turcja-blokuje-rosyjskie-okrety-krazownik-moskwa-obserwowany

U Radi zareiestruvaly zakonoproekt pro skasuvannia vil’noї ekonomichnoї zony «Krym». (2015, November 4). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/news/27345056.html

Ukraina ottorgaet Krym. Sama. (2015, September 25). Novaia gazeta. Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/70070.html

Ukraina prodolzhaet snabzhat’ syr’em zavod «Tytan» v okkupirovannom Krymu. (2015, January 25). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.blackseanews.net/read/111401

Ukraїna skorotyla import hazu u 2015 rotsi na 16%. (2016, January 6). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://dt.ua/ECONOMICS/na-1-sichnya-2016-roku-ukrayina-domoglasya-skorochennya-importu-gazu-na-16-195963_.html

V Krymu vvely nadzvychaĭnyĭ stan. (2015, November 22). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://24tv.ua/v_krimu_vveli_nadzvichayniy_stan_n633147

V okkupirovannom Krymu podschityvaiut ubytki ot ėnergoblokady. (2016, January 10). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://hvylya.net/news/digest/v-okkupirovannom-kryimu-podschityivayut-ubyitki-ot-energoblokadyi.html

Vidkliuchyty, shchob daty. „Dyvna” blokada Krymu. (2015, December 9). Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/3600818-vidkluichyty-schob-daty-dyvna-blokada-krymu

Wesolowsky, T. (2016, January 19). Tatar leader vows Crimea blockade will continue. Retrieved 3 February 2016, from http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-crimea-blockade-tatar-leader-vosw-continue/27497515.html

Downloads

Published

2016-08-02

Issue

Section

Papers